Critical Assessment of Important Regions in the Subunit Association and Catalytic Action of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Main Protease

March 27, 2020

Title

Critical Assessment of Important Regions in the Subunit Association and Catalytic Action of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Main Protease

Author

Wen-Chi Hsu, Hui-Chuan Chang, Chi-Yuan Chou, Pui-Jen Tsai, Pei-In Lin, Gu-Gang Chang

Year

2005

Journal

Journal of Biological Chemistry

Abstract

The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus (CoV) main protease represents an attractive target for the development of novel anti-SARS agents. The tertiary structure of the protease consists of two distinct folds. One is the N-terminal chymotrypsin-like fold that consists of two structural domains and constitutes the catalytic machinery; the other is the C-terminal helical domain, which has an unclear function and is not found in other RNA virus main proteases. To understand the functional roles of the two structural parts of the SARS-CoV main protease, we generated the full-length of this enzyme as well as several terminally truncated forms, different from each other only by the number of amino acid residues at the C- or N-terminal regions. The quaternary structure and Kd value of the protease were analyzed by analytical ultracentrifugation. The results showed that the N-terminal 1–3 amino acid-truncated protease maintains 76% of enzyme activity and that the major form is a dimer, as in the wild type. However, the amino acids 1–4-truncated protease showed the major form to be a monomer and had little enzyme activity. As a result, the fourth amino acid seemed to have a powerful effect on the quaternary structure and activity of this protease. The last C-terminal helically truncated protease also exhibited a greater tendency to form monomer and showed little activity. We concluded that both the C- and the N-terminal regions influence the dimerization and enzyme activity of the SARS-CoV main protease.

Instrument

J-810

Keywords

Circular dichroism, Secondary structure, Thermal stability, Protein folding, Biochemistry