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Home / Applications / Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate by Size Exclusion Chromatography

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Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate by Size Exclusion Chromatography

By Heather Haffner

PDF IconDownload This Application

January 5, 2024

Introduction

GPC 300
JASCO Refractive Index Detector

There are several types (A to E) of chondroitin sulfate (MW 20,000 ~ 50,000) (one of which is a mucopolysaccharide) which are found in animal connective tissue – cartilage and skin. Chondroitin sulfate is widely used in the manufacture of health foods and medicines. In this application note Chondroitin sulfate (sodium salt) was analyzed using a SEC (size exclusion chromatography) column with an exclusion limit of 300,000 molecular weight (Pullulan) and detection using refractive index (RI detector). A Pullulan calibration curve was created from a standard mixture using ChromNAV with the optional GPC Calculation Program and the resulting molecular weights calculated from the Pullulan standard are described below.

Experimental

Experiment

Pump:PU-2080
Degasser:DG-2080-53
Column Oven:CO-2060
Autosampler:AS-2057
Detector:RI-2031

Conditions

Column:Shodex Asahipak GF-510 HQ (7.5 mmI.D. x 300 mmL, 5 µm)
Eluent:0.04 M Sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous- 0.06 M Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous
Flow Rate:0.6 mL/min
Column Temp.:30 ºC
Injection Volume:50 µL
Calibration standards for SEC:Shodex STANDARD P-82 (Pullulan) 0.05 % each eluent

Structure

Sample: 0.1% Chondroitin sulfate C sodium salt in eluent

Keywords

610062G, HPLC, size exclusion, chondroitin sulfate, SEC, RI detector, GPC Calculation, molecular weight

Results

Fig. 1 Chromatograms of Pullulan (PL) standard mixture for molecular weight calibration and chondroitin sulfate sodium salt.

Fig. 1. Chromatograms of Pullulan (PL), Standard Mixture for Molecular Weight Calibration and
Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt (Each value on the chromatograms is Mp (Peak top molecular weight).)

Fig. 2 Molecular weight calibration curve created with a mixed Pullulan standard.

Fig. 3 Chromatogram of chondroitin sulfate sodium salt and the molecular weight calibration curve.

Fig. 4 and Table 1 show the molecular weight distribution calculation curve and the molecular weight as calculated using a Pullulan standard.

Fig. 2. Molecular Weight Calibration Curve Created with PL Standard Mixture
Fig. 3. Chromatogram of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt and Molecular Weight Calibration Curve (The figure in blue represents Mp calculated using Pullulan.) with PL Standard Mixture
Fig. 4. Molecular Weight Distribution Curve of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt
Table 1. Molecular Weight of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt

Hint

Molecular weight calibration curve

Shows the relationship between retention volume (elution time) and molecular weight, which is created to estimate the molecular weight of the sample from its retention volume (elution time).

Molecular weight distribution curve

The integral molecular weight distribution curve shows the relationship between molecular weight (logarithmic value) and the percentage of the total of a specific molecular weight.

The differential molecular weight distribution curve is used to plot the molecular weight (logarithmic value) on the x-axis against the weight fraction differentiated from a logarithmic value of molecular weight (dw/d(logM)) on the y-axis. When normalized, the use of this curve makes it possible to compare a chromatogram and a molecular weight distribution derived using different columns and measurement conditions.

Molecular weight averages and polydispersity

The molecular weight averages of polymer materials obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) includes the number-average (Mn), weight average (Mw), z-average (Mz), and viscosity-average (Mv) molecular weights. These averages are defined by the following expressions. The distribution of these molecular weight averages bears in general a relationship such as Mn ? Mv ? Mw ? Mz. In the case where Mn = Mv = Mw = Mz, there is no molecular weight distribution (mono-dispersed).

* Ni represents the number of molecules for i component of molecular weight Mi
and a represents an index of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation.
This document has been prepared based on information available at the time of publication and is subject to revision without notice. Although the contents are checked with the utmost care, we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. JASCO Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any information contained in this document. Copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document remain the property of JASCO Corporation. Please do not attempt to copy, modify, redistribute, or sell etc. in whole or in part without prior written permission.

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About the Author

JASCO Application Note

Analysis of Chondroitin Sulfate by Size Exclusion Chromatography

Introduction

GPC 300
JASCO Refractive Index Detector

There are several types (A to E) of chondroitin sulfate (MW 20,000 ~ 50,000) (one of which is a mucopolysaccharide) which are found in animal connective tissue – cartilage and skin. Chondroitin sulfate is widely used in the manufacture of health foods and medicines. In this application note Chondroitin sulfate (sodium salt) was analyzed using a SEC (size exclusion chromatography) column with an exclusion limit of 300,000 molecular weight (Pullulan) and detection using refractive index (RI detector). A Pullulan calibration curve was created from a standard mixture using ChromNAV with the optional GPC Calculation Program and the resulting molecular weights calculated from the Pullulan standard are described below.

Experimental

Experiment

Pump:PU-2080
Degasser:DG-2080-53
Column Oven:CO-2060
Autosampler:AS-2057
Detector:RI-2031

Conditions

Column:Shodex Asahipak GF-510 HQ (7.5 mmI.D. x 300 mmL, 5 µm)
Eluent:0.04 M Sodium dihydrogen phosphate anhydrous- 0.06 M Disodium hydrogen phosphate anhydrous
Flow Rate:0.6 mL/min
Column Temp.:30 ºC
Injection Volume:50 µL
Calibration standards for SEC:Shodex STANDARD P-82 (Pullulan) 0.05 % each eluent

Structure

Sample: 0.1% Chondroitin sulfate C sodium salt in eluent

Results

Fig. 1 Chromatograms of Pullulan (PL) standard mixture for molecular weight calibration and chondroitin sulfate sodium salt.

Fig. 1. Chromatograms of Pullulan (PL), Standard Mixture for Molecular Weight Calibration and
Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt (Each value on the chromatograms is Mp (Peak top molecular weight).)

Fig. 2 Molecular weight calibration curve created with a mixed Pullulan standard.

Fig. 3 Chromatogram of chondroitin sulfate sodium salt and the molecular weight calibration curve.

Fig. 4 and Table 1 show the molecular weight distribution calculation curve and the molecular weight as calculated using a Pullulan standard.

Fig. 2. Molecular Weight Calibration Curve Created with PL Standard Mixture
Fig. 3. Chromatogram of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt and Molecular Weight Calibration Curve (The figure in blue represents Mp calculated using Pullulan.) with PL Standard Mixture
Fig. 4. Molecular Weight Distribution Curve of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt
Table 1. Molecular Weight of Chondroitin Sulfate Sodium Salt

Hint

Molecular weight calibration curve

Shows the relationship between retention volume (elution time) and molecular weight, which is created to estimate the molecular weight of the sample from its retention volume (elution time).

Molecular weight distribution curve

The integral molecular weight distribution curve shows the relationship between molecular weight (logarithmic value) and the percentage of the total of a specific molecular weight.

The differential molecular weight distribution curve is used to plot the molecular weight (logarithmic value) on the x-axis against the weight fraction differentiated from a logarithmic value of molecular weight (dw/d(logM)) on the y-axis. When normalized, the use of this curve makes it possible to compare a chromatogram and a molecular weight distribution derived using different columns and measurement conditions.

Molecular weight averages and polydispersity

The molecular weight averages of polymer materials obtained by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) includes the number-average (Mn), weight average (Mw), z-average (Mz), and viscosity-average (Mv) molecular weights. These averages are defined by the following expressions. The distribution of these molecular weight averages bears in general a relationship such as Mn ? Mv ? Mw ? Mz. In the case where Mn = Mv = Mw = Mz, there is no molecular weight distribution (mono-dispersed).

* Ni represents the number of molecules for i component of molecular weight Mi
and a represents an index of Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation.

Keywords

610062G, HPLC, size exclusion, chondroitin sulfate, SEC, RI detector, GPC Calculation, molecular weight

This document has been prepared based on information available at the time of publication and is subject to revision without notice. Although the contents are checked with the utmost care, we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. JASCO Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any information contained in this document. Copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document remain the property of JASCO Corporation. Please do not attempt to copy, modify, redistribute, or sell etc. in whole or in part without prior written permission.
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