Measurement of Warfarin using Circular Dichroism Coupled with HPLC
August 18, 2022
Introduction
High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most effective method for the quantitative estimation of trace levels of compounds and for mixture separation and purification. HPLC is also widely used for the analysis of food and medicinal products. In these fields, samples often exhibit optical activity, allowing for the analysis of enantiomeric excess and the separation and purification of these enantiomers.
JASCO has made both CD detectors (PMT and InGaAs) compatible for use with HPLC (CD-4095), as well as an HPLC flow cell for use with the J-1500 and J-1700 Circular Dichroism spectrometers. Both models provide high sensitivity, resolution, and a wide dynamic range, with high accuracy detection down to 200 nm.
In this application note, the CD measurement of warfarin was obtained using a J-1500 spectropolarimeter in static mode and coupled to an HPLC system (CD-4095) for in-line CD detection of the HPLC eluent.
| CD Measurement Conditions | |
|---|---|
| Data Acquisition Interval | 0.1 nm |
| Response Time | 2 sec |
| Spectral Bandwidth | 1 nm |
| Scan Speed | 100 nm/min |
| Accumulations | 1 time |
| Path Length | 1 mm |
| Wavelength Range | 210-400 nm |
| Sample | 200 µg/mL warfarin |
| CD Chromatogram Measurement Conditions | |
|---|---|
| Data Interval | 1 sec |
| Response Time | 1 sec |
| Spectral Bandwidth | 1 nm |
| Path Length | 10 mm |
| Sample Concentration | 200 µg/mL |
| Injection Volume | 10 µL |
| Wavelength Range | 220, 263 nm |
| `Flow Rate | 0.5 mL/min |
| Mobile Phase | pH 2.0 aqueous phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (40/60) |
| Column | CHIRALCEL OD-RH (4.6 mm I.D. x 150 mm L, 5 µm) |
Keywords
J-1500, circular dichroism, J-1700, HPLC, CD-4095, medicinal products, chiral analysis, pharmaceutical
Results
Figure 1 shows the CD and absorption spectra of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin. CD peaks are observed at 220, 263, and 306 nm which can be used for the measurement of the CD chromatogram.
Figure 2 shows the CD and absorption chromatograms of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin at 220 and 263 nm. The measurement was performed using the Time Course Measurement mode and was initiated by the trigger signal from the manual injector or autosampler. The peak retention for R-(+)-warfarin is observed at 7.61 minutes and the peak retention for S-(-)-warfarin is 9.78 minutes. The CD and absorption signals are generally greater at shorter wavelengths which provides higher sensitivity. The CD peak area detected at 220 nm is six times larger than the peak at 263 nm and the area of the peak detected at 220 nm is double that at 263 nm. The area ratio of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin is 1:1.
Conclusion
This application note demonstrates that the J-1500 and J-1700 CD spectrometers can be used in conjunction with the JASCO HPLC system (CD-4095) in order to separate and obtain CD chromatograms on chiral substances.
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