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Home / Applications / Measurement of Warfarin using Circular Dichroism Coupled with HPLC

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Measurement of Warfarin using Circular Dichroism Coupled with HPLC

By Takeo Soejima

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January 5, 2024

Introduction

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most effective method for the quantitative estimation of trace levels of compounds and for mixture separation and purification. HPLC is also widely used for the analysis of food and medicinal products. In these fields, samples often exhibit optical activity, allowing for the analysis of enantiomeric excess and the separation and purification of these enantiomers.

JASCO has made both CD detectors (PMT and InGaAs) compatible for use with HPLC (CD-4095), as well as an HPLC flow cell for use with the J-1500 and J-1700 Circular Dichroism spectrometers. Both models provide high sensitivity, resolution, and a wide dynamic range, with high accuracy detection down to 200 nm.

In this application note, the CD measurement of warfarin was obtained using a J-1500 spectropolarimeter in static mode and coupled to an HPLC system (CD-4095) for in-line CD detection of the HPLC eluent.

Circular Dichroism High Throughput System
JASCO J-1500-PAL high-throughput system
CD Measurement Conditions
 Data Acquisition Interval 0.1 nm
 Response Time 2 sec
 Spectral Bandwidth 1 nm
 Scan Speed 100 nm/min
 Accumulations 1 time
 Path Length 1 mm
 Wavelength Range 210-400 nm
 Sample 200 µg/mL warfarin
CD Chromatogram Measurement Conditions
 Data Interval 1 sec
 Response Time 1 sec
 Spectral Bandwidth 1 nm
 Path Length 10 mm
 Sample Concentration 200 µg/mL
 Injection Volume 10 µL
 Wavelength Range 220, 263 nm
 `Flow Rate 0.5 mL/min
 Mobile Phase pH 2.0 aqueous phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (40/60)
Column CHIRALCEL OD-RH (4.6 mm I.D. x 150 mm L, 5 µm)

Keywords

200-CD-0024, J-1500, Circular Dichroism, CD, J-1700, HPLC, CD-4095, medicinal products, chiral analysis, pharmaceutical

Results

Figure 1 shows the CD and absorption spectra of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin. CD peaks are observed at 220, 263, and 306 nm which can be used for the measurement of the CD chromatogram.

Circular Dichroism (left) and absorption (right) spectra of R-(+)-warfarin (green) and S-(-)-warfarin (blue).
Figure 1. CD (left) and absorption (right) spectra of R-(+)-warfarin (green) and S-(-)-warfarin (blue).

Figure 2 shows the CD and absorption chromatograms of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin at 220 and 263 nm. The measurement was performed using the Time Course Measurement mode and was initiated by the trigger signal from the manual injector or autosampler. The peak retention for R-(+)-warfarin is observed at 7.61 minutes and the peak retention for S-(-)-warfarin is 9.78 minutes. The CD and absorption signals are generally greater at shorter wavelengths which provides higher sensitivity. The CD peak area detected at 220 nm is six times larger than the peak at 263 nm and the area of the peak detected at 220 nm is double that at 263 nm. The area ratio of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin is 1:1.

Circular Dichroism and absorption chromatograms of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin at 220 and 263 nm

Conclusion

This application note demonstrates that the J-1500 and J-1700 CD spectrometers can be used in conjunction with the JASCO HPLC system (CD-4095) in order to separate and obtain CD chromatograms on chiral substances.

This document has been prepared based on information available at the time of publication and is subject to revision without notice. Although the contents are checked with the utmost care, we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. JASCO Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any information contained in this document. Copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document remain the property of JASCO Corporation. Please do not attempt to copy, modify, redistribute, or sell etc. in whole or in part without prior written permission.

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About the Author

Takeo Soejima

JASCO Application Note

Measurement of Warfarin using Circular Dichroism Coupled with HPLC

Introduction

High-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) is the most effective method for the quantitative estimation of trace levels of compounds and for mixture separation and purification. HPLC is also widely used for the analysis of food and medicinal products. In these fields, samples often exhibit optical activity, allowing for the analysis of enantiomeric excess and the separation and purification of these enantiomers.

JASCO has made both CD detectors (PMT and InGaAs) compatible for use with HPLC (CD-4095), as well as an HPLC flow cell for use with the J-1500 and J-1700 Circular Dichroism spectrometers. Both models provide high sensitivity, resolution, and a wide dynamic range, with high accuracy detection down to 200 nm.

In this application note, the CD measurement of warfarin was obtained using a J-1500 spectropolarimeter in static mode and coupled to an HPLC system (CD-4095) for in-line CD detection of the HPLC eluent.

Circular Dichroism High Throughput System
JASCO J-1500-PAL high-throughput system
CD Measurement Conditions
 Data Acquisition Interval 0.1 nm
 Response Time 2 sec
 Spectral Bandwidth 1 nm
 Scan Speed 100 nm/min
 Accumulations 1 time
 Path Length 1 mm
 Wavelength Range 210-400 nm
 Sample 200 µg/mL warfarin
CD Chromatogram Measurement Conditions
 Data Interval 1 sec
 Response Time 1 sec
 Spectral Bandwidth 1 nm
 Path Length 10 mm
 Sample Concentration 200 µg/mL
 Injection Volume 10 µL
 Wavelength Range 220, 263 nm
 `Flow Rate 0.5 mL/min
 Mobile Phase pH 2.0 aqueous phosphoric acid/acetonitrile (40/60)
Column CHIRALCEL OD-RH (4.6 mm I.D. x 150 mm L, 5 µm)

Results

Figure 1 shows the CD and absorption spectra of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin. CD peaks are observed at 220, 263, and 306 nm which can be used for the measurement of the CD chromatogram.

Circular Dichroism (left) and absorption (right) spectra of R-(+)-warfarin (green) and S-(-)-warfarin (blue).
Figure 1. CD (left) and absorption (right) spectra of R-(+)-warfarin (green) and S-(-)-warfarin (blue).

Figure 2 shows the CD and absorption chromatograms of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin at 220 and 263 nm. The measurement was performed using the Time Course Measurement mode and was initiated by the trigger signal from the manual injector or autosampler. The peak retention for R-(+)-warfarin is observed at 7.61 minutes and the peak retention for S-(-)-warfarin is 9.78 minutes. The CD and absorption signals are generally greater at shorter wavelengths which provides higher sensitivity. The CD peak area detected at 220 nm is six times larger than the peak at 263 nm and the area of the peak detected at 220 nm is double that at 263 nm. The area ratio of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin is 1:1.

Circular Dichroism and absorption chromatograms of R-(+)-warfarin and S-(-)-warfarin at 220 and 263 nm

Conclusion

This application note demonstrates that the J-1500 and J-1700 CD spectrometers can be used in conjunction with the JASCO HPLC system (CD-4095) in order to separate and obtain CD chromatograms on chiral substances.

Keywords

200-CD-0024, J-1500, Circular Dichroism, CD, J-1700, HPLC, CD-4095, medicinal products, chiral analysis, pharmaceutical

This document has been prepared based on information available at the time of publication and is subject to revision without notice. Although the contents are checked with the utmost care, we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. JASCO Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any information contained in this document. Copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document remain the property of JASCO Corporation. Please do not attempt to copy, modify, redistribute, or sell etc. in whole or in part without prior written permission.
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