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Home / Applications / Acid Unfolding of Cytochrome C Measured with a Fluorescence Stopped-Flow Rapid-Kinetics System

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  • Technique

Acid Unfolding of Cytochrome C Measured with a Fluorescence Stopped-Flow Rapid-Kinetics System

By Heather Haffner

PDF IconDownload This Application

January 5, 2024

Introduction

The fluorescence characteristics of tryptophan in proteins will vary depending on the structures surrounding the amino acid. The fluorescence of Cytochrome C is derived from the tryptophan in residue position 59. The natural state of this tryptophan is so close to the heme iron residue that the fluorescence is quenched by non-radiative energy transfer to the heme iron. When Cytochrome C is denatured by an acid, the distance between the tryptophan and heme iron changes and the fluorescence intensity increases. This application note demonstrates the measurement of the change in fluorescence intensity by acid denaturation of cytochrome C using a JASCO stopped-flow system.

Experimental

JASCO FP-6500
JASCO FP-6500

Emission (EM) spectra of lysozyme using an excitation (EX) of 280 nm are measured while controlling the temperature, to examine the effects of temperature change on the fluorescence. The model FP-6500 spectrofluorometer and an ETC-272 Peltier thermostatted cell holder are used for the measurements in this experiment, using the instrument parameters outlined below.

Measurement/Analysis Systems

  • FP-6500 Spectrofluorometer
  • SFS-482 Stopped-Flow system (Cell length: 10 mm)
  • [Stopped-Flow Measurement] program
  • [Reaction Rate Calculation] program

Syringe configuration

  • S1: 10 mL, 0.5mg/mL cytochrome C
  • S2: 10 mL, 0.1N sulfuric acid

Parameters

Excitation Bandwidth:5 nm
Emission Bandwidth:5 nm
Response:2 seconds
Sensitivity:Manual
Excitation Wavelength:280 nm
Emission Wavelength:340 nm
Measurement Range:0-5000 milliseconds
Measurement Interval:5 milliseconds
No. of Accumulations:4
Flow Time:35 milliseconds
Flow Volume:S1 = 100 µl; S2 = 100 µl
Mixing Ratio:S1:S2 = 1:1

Figure 1 illustrates the measured and calculated results of the Cytochrome C emission during the stopped-flow experiment.

The measured data shows an large change in the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the acid denaturation of Cytochrome C. The stopped-flow system starts data acquisition before the syringe movement is completed to ensure that data can be monitored during the early stage of the reaction just before and after the sample and reactant have been combined.

Figure 1. Measured and calculated results of Cytochrome C emission
Figure 1. Measured and calculated results of Cytochrome C emission

The reaction rate was calculated using the [Reaction Rate Calculation] program. The calculated range was 35 to 5000 msec and a 2-step reaction mechanism was applied to the calculation. The calculated results show an excellent fit to the experimental data.

Calculation Range:35 to 5000 msec
Reaction Rate Formula:Y(t) = -142.667 * exp(-t / 432.854) + -47.7112 * exp(-t / 3611.11)
Step 1 Time Constant:432.854 msec
Step 1 Rate Constant:0.00231025 msec-1
Step 2 Time Constant:3611.11 msec
Step 2 Rate Constant:0.000276923 msec-1

Keywords

210-FP-0007

Required Products and Software

  • FP-8300/8500/8600/8700 Spectrofluorometer
  • SFS-852 Stopped-Flow Accessory
This document has been prepared based on information available at the time of publication and is subject to revision without notice. Although the contents are checked with the utmost care, we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. JASCO Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any information contained in this document. Copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document remain the property of JASCO Corporation. Please do not attempt to copy, modify, redistribute, or sell etc. in whole or in part without prior written permission.

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About the Author

JASCO Application Note

Acid Unfolding of Cytochrome C Measured with a Fluorescence Stopped-Flow Rapid-Kinetics System

Introduction

The fluorescence characteristics of tryptophan in proteins will vary depending on the structures surrounding the amino acid. The fluorescence of Cytochrome C is derived from the tryptophan in residue position 59. The natural state of this tryptophan is so close to the heme iron residue that the fluorescence is quenched by non-radiative energy transfer to the heme iron. When Cytochrome C is denatured by an acid, the distance between the tryptophan and heme iron changes and the fluorescence intensity increases. This application note demonstrates the measurement of the change in fluorescence intensity by acid denaturation of cytochrome C using a JASCO stopped-flow system.

Experimental

JASCO FP-6500
JASCO FP-6500

Emission (EM) spectra of lysozyme using an excitation (EX) of 280 nm are measured while controlling the temperature, to examine the effects of temperature change on the fluorescence. The model FP-6500 spectrofluorometer and an ETC-272 Peltier thermostatted cell holder are used for the measurements in this experiment, using the instrument parameters outlined below.

Measurement/Analysis Systems

  • FP-6500 Spectrofluorometer
  • SFS-482 Stopped-Flow system (Cell length: 10 mm)
  • [Stopped-Flow Measurement] program
  • [Reaction Rate Calculation] program

Syringe configuration

  • S1: 10 mL, 0.5mg/mL cytochrome C
  • S2: 10 mL, 0.1N sulfuric acid

Parameters

Excitation Bandwidth:5 nm
Emission Bandwidth:5 nm
Response:2 seconds
Sensitivity:Manual
Excitation Wavelength:280 nm
Emission Wavelength:340 nm
Measurement Range:0-5000 milliseconds
Measurement Interval:5 milliseconds
No. of Accumulations:4
Flow Time:35 milliseconds
Flow Volume:S1 = 100 µl; S2 = 100 µl
Mixing Ratio:S1:S2 = 1:1

Figure 1 illustrates the measured and calculated results of the Cytochrome C emission during the stopped-flow experiment.

The measured data shows an large change in the fluorescence intensity corresponding to the acid denaturation of Cytochrome C. The stopped-flow system starts data acquisition before the syringe movement is completed to ensure that data can be monitored during the early stage of the reaction just before and after the sample and reactant have been combined.

Figure 1. Measured and calculated results of Cytochrome C emission
Figure 1. Measured and calculated results of Cytochrome C emission

The reaction rate was calculated using the [Reaction Rate Calculation] program. The calculated range was 35 to 5000 msec and a 2-step reaction mechanism was applied to the calculation. The calculated results show an excellent fit to the experimental data.

Calculation Range:35 to 5000 msec
Reaction Rate Formula:Y(t) = -142.667 * exp(-t / 432.854) + -47.7112 * exp(-t / 3611.11)
Step 1 Time Constant:432.854 msec
Step 1 Rate Constant:0.00231025 msec-1
Step 2 Time Constant:3611.11 msec
Step 2 Rate Constant:0.000276923 msec-1

Keywords

210-FP-0007

Required Products and Software

  • FP-8300/8500/8600/8700 Spectrofluorometer
  • SFS-852 Stopped-Flow Accessory
This document has been prepared based on information available at the time of publication and is subject to revision without notice. Although the contents are checked with the utmost care, we do not guarantee their accuracy or completeness. JASCO Corporation assumes no responsibility or liability for any loss or damage incurred as a result of the use of any information contained in this document. Copyright and other intellectual property rights in this document remain the property of JASCO Corporation. Please do not attempt to copy, modify, redistribute, or sell etc. in whole or in part without prior written permission.
28600 Mary’s Court, Easton, MD 21601 USA • (800) 333-5272 • Fax: (410) 822-7526 • jascoinc.com/applications

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